Description

Abstract: In intensive fish culture, fish are Generally fed with high protein diets. The nutrient-rich wastes

derived from feeding are often directly or indirectly released to the surrounding environment becoming a source of pollution. The wastes from intensive fish culture can be used for culturing filter-feeding fish species such as Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) at low cost. Dual integrated

culture systems,namely cage-cum-pond and pen-cum-pond culture systems,have been developed to maximize fish production and profitability from given inputs and to minimize the environmental impact of intensive fish culture.